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立在蒼茫中：蒙古變性人 Transmongolian
http://www.biosmonthly.com/contactd.php?id=4480
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/06/alvaro-laiz_n_4905713.html?utm_hp_ref=arts
立在蒼茫中，蒙古變性人：Transmongolian
不論在哪個角落，同性戀者或變性者的生存環境，始終是敏感議題。
在眾聲喧嘩中，攝影師 Álvaro Laiz 選擇以最真實也最超乎真實的影像，給予最沉默的凝視。
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/06/alvaro-laiz_n_4905713.html?utm_hp_ref=arts
立在蒼茫中，蒙古變性人：Transmongolian
不論在哪個角落，同性戀者或變性者的生存環境，始終是敏感議題。
在眾聲喧嘩中，攝影師 Álvaro Laiz 選擇以最真實也最超乎真實的影像，給予最沉默的凝視。
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http://www.slate.com/blogs/behold/2014/03/03/_lvaro_laiz_photographs_the_transgender_community_in_mongolia_in_his_series.html
Álvaro Laiz 是著名人權攝影師，攝影是他用來撼動世界的工具。銳利的鏡頭總能捕捉到大眾媒體所忽視、或刻意漠視的畫面。掀開以尊重為名的冷漠，看見世界各個角落，在危機中求生存的掙扎刻痕，不論環境、文化、人種、性別。2011 年，Laiz 前往蒙古紀錄變性人的生活。在這個與俄羅斯、歐洲、中國相鄰的遙遠國度，國人正面臨新舊文化的衝擊。「經濟政策上，蒙古向西方投資者大開門戶；但在文化層面，游牧的態度和共產的生活型態仍然持續。如此矛盾的現況，正是蒙古吸引我的地方。」Laiz 說道。
攝影集名為「Transmongolian」，乃變性者與蒙古的合體字。Laiz 耗費數年鑽研蒙古歷史，希望為積弊找出成因。Laiz提到：「據古老的蒙語文學作品《蒙古秘史》記載，成吉思汗是首個宣判同性戀違法、必須處死的領導者。當時蒙古正與中原交戰，對遊牧民族而言，人口就是武器。」。其後，蒙古受到蘇聯統治，同性戀和變性者皆移送至集中營，遭受隔離和迫害。今天，蒙古是世界人口比率最低的國家之一，每平方公里僅有兩位居民，而曾經祕密的身分，依然是禁忌。
記載相關資料的史籍稀少，Laiz 決定親自走訪蒙古，投入紀錄與研究。他與當地「男變女」的多數變性者交流，他們身分多元，有老師、社工、舞者、性工作者等，Laiz 希望能以攝影集呈現不同範疇的生活面貌。照片裡，他們上妝、戴上首飾、穿起傳統蒙袍，立於雪白荒漠中，身處蒼茫大地。
「只在特定場合，他們才能透露自己的身分。」Laiz 解釋道，「你必須假扮成別人，演齣永不落幕的戲。你的人生、工作、親朋戚友都只是戲裡一部分，你只能躲在後台做自己。」
不同國家對待多元性別的態度有所差別。在巴勒斯坦，變性者通常在未成年時遭趕出家門，被迫以乞討或賣淫維生。印度以穆斯林信仰為主，對變性者的接受程度更低，著名的尤莉媽咪（Mami Yuli）乃首位公開為老年變性者爭取居住權的鬥士。至於泰國，則對多元性別較包容的國家。不過在 2009、2011 年，印度和巴基斯坦分別修改法律，承認變性人的社會身份及選舉權。
「對變性者而言，出生在哪國就決定你能成為何許人。」Laiz 說道。人對身分的掌握權，似乎不只在自己手裡。「這些年來，我拍攝我所不解或恐懼的事物。當你的人生、對自我的認同受某個政權、某條法令操掌，有甚麼比這更可怕？」
Nyamka, 20, is a social worker.
Nyamka wears a traditional Mongolian queen costume.
Nyamka removes makeup and changes out of fem clothes in a taxi after performing at an underground party.
Gambush, with her personal makeup artist, at the brothel where she works.
Baara, 55, lives in one of the poorest districts in Ulaanbataar.
Laiz's subjects dressed in traditional Mongolian queen costumes.
http://www.slate.com/content/dam/slate/blogs/behold/2014/01/Transmongolia/TRANSMONGOLIAN_ÁLVAROLAIZ-05.jpg.CROP.original-original.jpg
Naaram grew up in Russia. Now, back in Mongolia with no work and almost no family, the future is uncertain.
Naaram dressed in a traditional Mongolian queen dress.
Álvaro Laiz 是著名人權攝影師，攝影是他用來撼動世界的工具。銳利的鏡頭總能捕捉到大眾媒體所忽視、或刻意漠視的畫面。掀開以尊重為名的冷漠，看見世界各個角落，在危機中求生存的掙扎刻痕，不論環境、文化、人種、性別。2011 年，Laiz 前往蒙古紀錄變性人的生活。在這個與俄羅斯、歐洲、中國相鄰的遙遠國度，國人正面臨新舊文化的衝擊。「經濟政策上，蒙古向西方投資者大開門戶；但在文化層面，游牧的態度和共產的生活型態仍然持續。如此矛盾的現況，正是蒙古吸引我的地方。」Laiz 說道。
攝影集名為「Transmongolian」，乃變性者與蒙古的合體字。Laiz 耗費數年鑽研蒙古歷史，希望為積弊找出成因。Laiz提到：「據古老的蒙語文學作品《蒙古秘史》記載，成吉思汗是首個宣判同性戀違法、必須處死的領導者。當時蒙古正與中原交戰，對遊牧民族而言，人口就是武器。」。其後，蒙古受到蘇聯統治，同性戀和變性者皆移送至集中營，遭受隔離和迫害。今天，蒙古是世界人口比率最低的國家之一，每平方公里僅有兩位居民，而曾經祕密的身分，依然是禁忌。
記載相關資料的史籍稀少，Laiz 決定親自走訪蒙古，投入紀錄與研究。他與當地「男變女」的多數變性者交流，他們身分多元，有老師、社工、舞者、性工作者等，Laiz 希望能以攝影集呈現不同範疇的生活面貌。照片裡，他們上妝、戴上首飾、穿起傳統蒙袍，立於雪白荒漠中，身處蒼茫大地。
「只在特定場合，他們才能透露自己的身分。」Laiz 解釋道，「你必須假扮成別人，演齣永不落幕的戲。你的人生、工作、親朋戚友都只是戲裡一部分，你只能躲在後台做自己。」
不同國家對待多元性別的態度有所差別。在巴勒斯坦，變性者通常在未成年時遭趕出家門，被迫以乞討或賣淫維生。印度以穆斯林信仰為主，對變性者的接受程度更低，著名的尤莉媽咪（Mami Yuli）乃首位公開為老年變性者爭取居住權的鬥士。至於泰國，則對多元性別較包容的國家。不過在 2009、2011 年，印度和巴基斯坦分別修改法律，承認變性人的社會身份及選舉權。
「對變性者而言，出生在哪國就決定你能成為何許人。」Laiz 說道。人對身分的掌握權，似乎不只在自己手裡。「這些年來，我拍攝我所不解或恐懼的事物。當你的人生、對自我的認同受某個政權、某條法令操掌，有甚麼比這更可怕？」
Nyamka, 20, is a social worker.
Nyamka wears a traditional Mongolian queen costume.
Nyamka removes makeup and changes out of fem clothes in a taxi after performing at an underground party.
Gambush, with her personal makeup artist, at the brothel where she works.
Baara, 55, lives in one of the poorest districts in Ulaanbataar.
Laiz's subjects dressed in traditional Mongolian queen costumes.
http://www.slate.com/content/dam/slate/blogs/behold/2014/01/Transmongolia/TRANSMONGOLIAN_ÁLVAROLAIZ-05.jpg.CROP.original-original.jpg
Naaram grew up in Russia. Now, back in Mongolia with no work and almost no family, the future is uncertain.
Naaram dressed in a traditional Mongolian queen dress.
Nyamka, 20, is a social worker.
Nyamka wears a traditional Mongolian queen costume.
Nyamka removes makeup and changes out of fem clothes in a taxi after performing at an underground party.
Baara, 55, lives in one of the poorest districts in Ulaanbataar.
Laiz's subjects dressed in traditional Mongolian queen costumes.
http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1660626/thumbs/o-HUFF-900.jpg
Naaram grew up in Russia. Now, back in Mongolia with no work and almost no family, the future is uncertain.
Naaram dressed in a traditional Mongolian queen dress.
LM
以下乃英文報導
http://www.slate.com/blogs/behold/2014/03/03/_lvaro_laiz_photographs_the_transgender_community_in_mongolia_in_his_series.html
Transgender in Mongolia
In Mongolia, transgender people face extreme violence and discrimination, much of which goes unreported because the law does not protect them. Out of fear, many stay in the closet. Photographer Álvaro Laiz spent three and a half months in 2011 photographing male-to-female transgender people in Mongolia to explore notions of identity in a place where they are forced to hide who they are. “They cannot express themselves normally except in certain places. Your life becomes a scenario in which you are pretending to be someone else. Your job, your relatives become part of this performance, and little space is left to act as you would really want to be. It is insane,” he said via email.
Since 2008, Laiz’s work has focused on marginalized and repressed groups, including HIV orphans in Uganda and ex–child soldiers from Joseph Kony’s Lord’s Resistance Army. Laiz arrived in Mongolia by chance but quickly became interested in how LGBT Mongolians fare in a society that leaves almost no room for sexual or gender diversity. “I’m not a war photographer, so I have a limited experience in terms of ethnic violence or open conflicts. But what I can tell you is that this kind of repression is as cruel as the ones that arise during conflict,” Laiz said.
After doing research through NGOs and other organizations, Laiz located several subjects who gave him access to their lives. Some worked in nightclubs or as prostitutes and could only reveal their identities in those realms. Others were ballet dancers, social workers, tour guides, and teachers who presented as men in their work environments. Laiz also photographed his subjects in traditional Mongolian queen costumes as part of a more lyrical, less documentary-style aspect of his project. “I wanted to show how they are, but also how they see themselves. Identity isn’t a one-way concept but a fluent mixture of influences, both internal and external, which forms the way we face the world,” Laiz said.
There are signs that conditions may improve for transgender Mongolians. In 2009, the first LGBT rights organization in the country, Mongolia LGBT Centre, was finally registered as an NGO. Last year, Mongolia celebrated its first Pride Week. “One bright side is that the Mongolian society is young and we believe that we can change the attitude of the public slowly through educating the younger generation about human rights principles, democratic values and tolerant, forgiving human nature,” the organization’s executive director, Otgonbaatar Tsedendemberel, told Gay Star News.
Many of Laiz’s subjects have left Mongolia for nearby countries where transgender people can live in more safety and freedom. But Laiz believes that things may be changing for the better in Mongolia. He’s hopeful that his photographs are part of the force that may one day make the country hospitable for transgender people. “What I wanted to do was to take the viewer to a place far away from prejudice,” Laiz said. “The viewer must understand that these people are nothing but human beings who are trying to live their lives. There is nothing wrong with it.”
http://www.slate.com/blogs/behold/2014/03/03/_lvaro_laiz_photographs_the_transgender_community_in_mongolia_in_his_series.html
Transgender in Mongolia
In Mongolia, transgender people face extreme violence and discrimination, much of which goes unreported because the law does not protect them. Out of fear, many stay in the closet. Photographer Álvaro Laiz spent three and a half months in 2011 photographing male-to-female transgender people in Mongolia to explore notions of identity in a place where they are forced to hide who they are. “They cannot express themselves normally except in certain places. Your life becomes a scenario in which you are pretending to be someone else. Your job, your relatives become part of this performance, and little space is left to act as you would really want to be. It is insane,” he said via email.
Since 2008, Laiz’s work has focused on marginalized and repressed groups, including HIV orphans in Uganda and ex–child soldiers from Joseph Kony’s Lord’s Resistance Army. Laiz arrived in Mongolia by chance but quickly became interested in how LGBT Mongolians fare in a society that leaves almost no room for sexual or gender diversity. “I’m not a war photographer, so I have a limited experience in terms of ethnic violence or open conflicts. But what I can tell you is that this kind of repression is as cruel as the ones that arise during conflict,” Laiz said.
After doing research through NGOs and other organizations, Laiz located several subjects who gave him access to their lives. Some worked in nightclubs or as prostitutes and could only reveal their identities in those realms. Others were ballet dancers, social workers, tour guides, and teachers who presented as men in their work environments. Laiz also photographed his subjects in traditional Mongolian queen costumes as part of a more lyrical, less documentary-style aspect of his project. “I wanted to show how they are, but also how they see themselves. Identity isn’t a one-way concept but a fluent mixture of influences, both internal and external, which forms the way we face the world,” Laiz said.
There are signs that conditions may improve for transgender Mongolians. In 2009, the first LGBT rights organization in the country, Mongolia LGBT Centre, was finally registered as an NGO. Last year, Mongolia celebrated its first Pride Week. “One bright side is that the Mongolian society is young and we believe that we can change the attitude of the public slowly through educating the younger generation about human rights principles, democratic values and tolerant, forgiving human nature,” the organization’s executive director, Otgonbaatar Tsedendemberel, told Gay Star News.
Many of Laiz’s subjects have left Mongolia for nearby countries where transgender people can live in more safety and freedom. But Laiz believes that things may be changing for the better in Mongolia. He’s hopeful that his photographs are part of the force that may one day make the country hospitable for transgender people. “What I wanted to do was to take the viewer to a place far away from prejudice,” Laiz said. “The viewer must understand that these people are nothing but human beings who are trying to live their lives. There is nothing wrong with it.”
More readings:
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Genghis-Khan-first-to-ban-gay-sex/articleshow/2324555.cms
The Times of India 印度時報
Genghis Khan first to ban gay sex
BEIJING: Chinese researchers have republished the code of laws proclaimed by the legendary Mongolian warrior Genghis Khan（成吉思汗）, which is probably the world's earliest that banned homosexuality.
'Genghis Khan's Code' contains Chinese and English versions of the code as well as interpretations of the laws based on research findings. In article 48 of what is believed to be the world's first constitution, Genghis Khan banned homosexuality, saying "men committed sodomy（![[flowerface]](/face/hkg/flowerface.gif)
）shall be put to death," the experts said.
Experts at the Inner Mongolia's research institute of ancient Mongolian laws and sociology spent 14 months to compile the code. They say this was because Khan wanted to expand the Mongolian population, which was around 1.5 million, compared with 100 million rivals of the Song Dynasty that dominated today's central China. Khan's code of laws also highlighted environment protection, the researchers said. The code stipulated that death penalty was applied to those who damaged the grassland with unauthorised excavations or caused fire. It also prohibited washing or drowning in rivers, Xinhua news agency reported.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Genghis-Khan-first-to-ban-gay-sex/articleshow/2324555.cms
The Times of India 印度時報
Genghis Khan first to ban gay sex
BEIJING: Chinese researchers have republished the code of laws proclaimed by the legendary Mongolian warrior Genghis Khan（成吉思汗）, which is probably the world's earliest that banned homosexuality.
'Genghis Khan's Code' contains Chinese and English versions of the code as well as interpretations of the laws based on research findings. In article 48 of what is believed to be the world's first constitution, Genghis Khan banned homosexuality, saying "men committed sodomy（
）shall be put to death," the experts said. Experts at the Inner Mongolia's research institute of ancient Mongolian laws and sociology spent 14 months to compile the code. They say this was because Khan wanted to expand the Mongolian population, which was around 1.5 million, compared with 100 million rivals of the Song Dynasty that dominated today's central China. Khan's code of laws also highlighted environment protection, the researchers said. The code stipulated that death penalty was applied to those who damaged the grassland with unauthorised excavations or caused fire. It also prohibited washing or drowning in rivers, Xinhua news agency reported.
標題改做「立於天地蒼茫間」好似好啲 ![:-]](/face/hkg/devil.gif)
モノ子BB 一鍵留名！
「你必須假扮成別人，演齣永不落幕的戲。你的人生、 工作、親朋戚友都只是戲裡一部分，你只能躲在後台做自己。」
華人嘅社會都不遑多讓，好難想像係更封閉嘅地方唔同性向的人點生存..
華人嘅社會都不遑多讓，好難想像係更封閉嘅地方唔同性向的人點生存..
#5 should be 報道
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