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[多圖]消失左既各地護照
From Stalin’s Soviet Union to East Germany and British Palestine: The extraordinary historical passports to countries that no longer exist - including a European state that lasted just four years[/size=5]
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•Collector Tom Topol has a huge collection of rare passports - including some to countries that are long gone
•They're a fascinating glimpse at people oblivious to the fact that their countries would one day disappear
•Include a woman who is playing a guitar in her passport photo, and a man whose country lasted four years
•There is also a man from Moldova who became a citizen of British Palestine before Israel was founded
•And rare passports from the Soviet Bloc - including an East German official allowed the privilege of travel
•Topol has a DPRK passport - and while that country still exists for now, its passports are incredibly hard to find
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Created when the Holy Roman Empire collapsed in 1806, the Free Imperial City of Bremen survived until 1933, when it was folded into the Third Reich. Its passports were unorthodox by today's standards - as this passport picture shows
The country was re-established as a German state after the Second World War. This passport was only valid for a year - although the 'free state' was dissolved after 12 years anyway
The Free State of Fiume was established in 1920 after a rebellious poet led 2,500 men into the state, which was fought over by Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Fiume survived four years of infighting among the various ethnic groups before it was re-merged into Italy. It was then given to Yugoslavia after the Second World War, and became part of Croatia when Yugoslavia broke apart in the 1990s
Everyone in the Soviet Union had to possess a passport, although few had the opportunity to use them to travel abroad. Trips to other Soviet bloc countries were allowed, though not common
The Soviet authorities were concerned that those who left the country would be seduced by the decadent West - and, presumably its easy access to bread and jeans - and refuse to return
The Soviet Union was known to the owner of this passport as the Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик (CCCP, or Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). The USSR dissolved in 1991
The Free City of Danzig included some odd biometrics in its passports, such as the shape of a person's face ('Gesichtsform' - in this case 'Oval'). The city was a semi-autonomous part of Prussia for many centuries
In 1920, after the First World War, Danzig was declared a free state under the oversight of the League of Nations. However, that dissolved in 1939, when Nazi Germany occupied the city
A 15-hour siege by Post Office workers armed with guns and grenades followed, but the workers had to surrender - at which point many were executed. The state was folded into Poland after the war
This is a 1939 passport from what was once British Palestine. This man, who is Jewish, was originally from Leova in what is now Moldova. The then-Soviet-run country was invaded by Nazis in 1941 despite a 1939 non-aggression pact
The passport, issued in English, Arabic and Hebrew, makes a note that its owner became Palestinian under a rule created by the British to allow Jewish people the right to claim citizenship
Tom Topol (pictured) is a expert in historical passports, and runs a blog on the subject. He began collecting them after being enchanted by a passport he found in a Japanese market in 2003
After WWII a decision was made to create two states - Palestine and Israel - but due to complicating factors, including the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, Palestine was never formally created
This is a very rare example of an East German passport - indeed, a diplomatic pass owned by Gerhard Muller, who worked at an East German consulate in the USSR
Such items are much sought-after by collectors
The passport is written in both German and Russian - a sign of Soviet supremacy over East Germany in 1964
Note also the hammer and sickle has become a hammer and measuring compass - a suitably precise symbol of German intelligentsia
East Germany folded in 1990, as the Berlin Wall came down
A man from the ministry, Muller took frequent flights to what was once called Berlin-Tempelhof Central Airport (seen in these stamps)
This passport is from The Empire of Manchuria - a puppet state created by the Japanese in north-eastern China after they invaded it in 1934. China's last royal family, the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912), came from this area of China
The owner of this passport was a Russian emigrant trader; it says that he has been given indefinite permission to visit 'Nippon,' aka Japan
Japan was ousted from mainland China by the Allies, along with a combined effort by the then-government, the Republic of China, and the Communists led by Mao Zedong's Communist revolutionaries. After the resulting civil war, Mao took over
Britain took control of Hong Kong and a tiny sliver of the adjacent Chinese mainland in 1842, after the First Opium War. While much of the mainland was closed off to foreigners, Hong Kong became a bustling port influenced by both cultures
As of 1988, passports were still being issued by the British government to Hong Kong residents - including this one for Mr Jose Chan Kee Man
His passport expired on June 30, 1997 (left). The Chinese government took back control of Hong Kong on July 1 of that year.
The passport is similar to the old blue British passports
The country of Siam is known now as Thailand - the only country in South East Asia that was never colonized by a Western power, thanks to the government cleverly playing off the British/French rivalry
This passport does have French as its token Western language, however. It changed its name from Siam to Thailand in 1939, two years after this passport was issued
The passport's owner, Iad Nakornthap, had to apply to consulates from non-foreign countries if he wanted to visit his Asian neighbors. On the left-hand page is a stamp from a French consulate
He also applied to the American Government (left-hand page) to visit the Philippines and to the British government (right-hand page) to visit Hong Kong
Although the country was known as Siam until 1939, it was always known by locals as Mueang Thai. The origin of the name 'Siam' remains unknown; it could have come from Sanskrit, or from Chinese
Although the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea (DPRK) is not - yet - departed, its passports are extremely rare due to the hermit-like nature of the country. This 1957 passport claims (see map, right) that the whole of Korea belongs to DPRK
It's extremely rare for people to leave the DPRK even today, though not impossible; as well as consulates and embassies, there are North Korean restaurants populated by DPRK staff, though they remain under heavy supervision
One North Korean, Kim Tae San, told Topol that when she traveled abroad, her passport was so cheaply printed that inspectors would assume that it was a fake. The fate of this passport's owner remains unknown
Kim said that she was given instructions before leaving the country: 'Even though China is richer than [North] Korea, we must not be blinded by money. China is different from us, they teach,' she said
http://video.dailymail.co.uk/video/1418450360/2015/02/1418450360_4083454550001_How-your-passport-is-made----exclusive-behind-the--1425016555221.mp4
A behind-the-scenes look at how UK passports are made
source:http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4373648/See-passports-countries-no-longer-exist.html
有 "British Hong Kong"
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